File I/O of VB.NET & C#

File I/O

In vb.net & c# language File I/O are differ. Code of File I/O of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Imports System.IO

' Write out to text file
Dim writer As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("c:\myfile.txt")
writer.WriteLine("Out to file.")
writer.Close()

' Read all lines from text file
Dim reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("c:\myfile.txt")
Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()
While Not line Is Nothing
Console.WriteLine(line)
line = reader.ReadLine()
End While
reader.Close()

' Write out to binary file
Dim str As String = "Text data"
Dim num As Integer = 123
Dim binWriter As New BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\myfile.dat"))
binWriter.Write(str)
binWriter.Write(num)
binWriter.Close()

' Read from binary file
Dim binReader As New BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\myfile.dat"))
str = binReader.ReadString()
num = binReader.ReadInt32()
binReader.Close()

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C#

using System.IO;

// Write out to text file
StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText("c:\\myfile.txt");
writer.WriteLine("Out to file.");
writer.Close();

// Read all lines from text file
StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("c:\\myfile.txt");
string line = reader.ReadLine();
while (line != null) {
Console.WriteLine(line);
line = reader.ReadLine();
}
reader.Close();

// Write out to binary file
string str = "Text data";
int num = 123;
BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\\myfile.dat"));
binWriter.Write(str);
binWriter.Write(num);
binWriter.Close();

// Read from binary file
BinaryReader binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\\myfile.dat"));
str = binReader.ReadString();
num = binReader.ReadInt32();
binReader.Close();

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Console I/O of VB.NET & C#

Console I/O

In vb.net & c# language Console I/O are differ. Code of Console I/O of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Console.Write("What's your name? ")
Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("How old are you? ")
Dim age As Integer = Val(Console.ReadLine())
Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age)
' or
Console.WriteLine(name & " is " & age & " years old.")

Dim c As Integer
c = Console.Read() ' Read single char
Console.WriteLine(c) ' Prints 65 if user enters "A"

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C#

Console.Write("What's your name? ");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("How old are you? ");
int age = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age);
// or
Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old.");

int c = Console.Read(); // Read single char
Console.WriteLine(c); // Prints 65 if user enters "A"

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Delegates / Events of VB.NET & C#

Delegates / Events

In vb.net & c# language Delegates / Events are differ. Code of Delegates / Events of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Delegate Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message As String)

Event MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler

' or to define an event which declares a delegate implicitly
Event MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String)

AddHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback
' Won't throw an exception if obj is Nothing
RaiseEvent MsgArrivedEvent("Test message")
RemoveHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback

Imports System.Windows.Forms

Dim WithEvents MyButton As Button ' WithEvents can't be used on local variable
MyButton = New Button

Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyButton.Click
MessageBox.Show(Me, "Button was clicked", "Info", _
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
End Sub

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C#

delegate void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message);

event MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent;

// Delegates must be used with events in C#


MsgArrivedEvent += new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);
MsgArrivedEvent("Test message"); // Throws exception if obj is null
MsgArrivedEvent -= new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);

using System.Windows.Forms;

Button MyButton = new Button();
MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click);

private void MyButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
MessageBox.Show(this, "Button was clicked", "Info",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Properties of VB.NET & C#

Properties

In vb.net & c# language Properties are differ. Code of Properties of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Private _size As Integer

Public Property Size() As Integer
Get
Return _size
End Get
Set (ByVal Value As Integer)
If Value < 0 Then
_size = 0
Else
_size = Value
End If
End Set
End Property

foo.Size += 1

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C#

private int _size;

public int Size {
get {
return _size;
}
set {
if (value < 0)
_size = 0;
else
_size = value;
}
}

foo.Size++;

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Structs of VB.NET & C#

Structs

In vb.net & c# language Structs are differ. Code of Structs of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Structure StudentRecord
Public name As String
Public gpa As Single

Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal gpa As Single)
Me.name = name
Me.gpa = gpa
End Sub
End Structure

Dim stu As StudentRecord = New StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5)
Dim stu2 As StudentRecord = stu

stu2.name = "Sue"
Console.WriteLine(stu.name) ' Prints Bob
Console.WriteLine(stu2.name) ' Prints Sue

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C#

struct StudentRecord {
public string name;
public float gpa;

public StudentRecord(string name, float gpa) {
this.name = name;
this.gpa = gpa;
}
}

StudentRecord stu = new StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5f);
StudentRecord stu2 = stu;

stu2.name = "Sue";
Console.WriteLine(stu.name); // Prints Bob
Console.WriteLine(stu2.name); // Prints Sue

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Using Objects of VB.NET & C#

Using Objects

In vb.net & c# language Using Objects are differ. Code of Using Objects of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Dim hero As SuperHero = New SuperHero
' or
Dim hero As New SuperHero

With hero
.Name = "SpamMan"
.PowerLevel = 3
End With

hero.Defend("Laura Jones")
hero.Rest() ' Calling Shared method
' or
SuperHero.Rest()

Dim hero2 As SuperHero = hero ' Both reference the same object
hero2.Name = "WormWoman"
Console.WriteLine(hero.Name) ' Prints WormWoman

hero = Nothing ' Free the object

If hero Is Nothing Then _
hero = New SuperHero

Dim obj As Object = New SuperHero
If TypeOf obj Is SuperHero Then _
Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.")

' Mark object for quick disposal
Using reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("test.txt")
Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()
While Not line Is Nothing
Console.WriteLine(line)
line = reader.ReadLine()
End While
End Using

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C#

SuperHero hero = new SuperHero();

// No "With" construct
hero.Name = "SpamMan";
hero.PowerLevel = 3;

hero.Defend("Laura Jones");
SuperHero.Rest(); // Calling static method

SuperHero hero2 = hero; // Both reference the same object
hero2.Name = "WormWoman";
Console.WriteLine(hero.Name); // Prints WormWoman

hero = null ; // Free the object

if (hero == null)
hero = new SuperHero();

Object obj = new SuperHero();
if (obj is SuperHero)
Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.");

// Mark object for quick disposal
using (StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("test.txt")) {
string line;
while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
Console.WriteLine(line);
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Constructors / Destructors of VB.NET & C#

Constructors / Destructors

In vb.net & c# language Constructors / Destructors are differ. Code of Constructors / Destructors of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Class SuperHero
Private _powerLevel As Integer

Public Sub New()
_powerLevel = 0
End Sub

Public Sub New(ByVal powerLevel As Integer)
Me._powerLevel = powerLevel
End Sub

Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
' Desctructor code to free unmanaged resources
MyBase.Finalize()
End Sub
End Class

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C#

class SuperHero {
private int _powerLevel;

public SuperHero() {
_powerLevel = 0;
}

public SuperHero(int powerLevel) {
this._powerLevel= powerLevel;
}

~SuperHero() {
// Destructor code to free unmanaged resources.
// Implicitly creates a Finalize method
}
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Classes / Interfaces of VB.NET & C#

Classes / Interfaces

In vb.net & c# language Classes / Interfaces are differ. Code of Classes / Interfaces of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Accessibility keywords
Public
Private
Friend
Protected
Protected Friend
Shared

' Inheritance
Class FootballGame
Inherits Competition
...
End Class

' Interface definition
Interface IAlarmClock
...
End Interface

// Extending an interface
Interface IAlarmClock
Inherits IClock
...
End Interface

// Interface implementation
Class WristWatch
Implements IAlarmClock, ITimer
...
End Class

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C#

Accessibility keywords
public
private
internal
protected
protected internal
static

// Inheritance
class FootballGame : Competition {
...
}

// Interface definition
interface IAlarmClock {
...
}

// Extending an interface
interface IAlarmClock : IClock {
...
}

// Interface implementation
class WristWatch : IAlarmClock, ITimer {
...
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Namespaces of VB.NET & C#

Namespaces

In vb.net & c# language Namespaces are differ. Code of Namespaces of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics
...
End Namespace

' or

Namespace Harding
Namespace Compsci
Namespace Graphics
...
End Namespace
End Namespace
End Namespace

Imports Harding.Compsci.Graphics

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C#

namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics {
...
}

// or

namespace Harding {
namespace Compsci {
namespace Graphics {
...
}
}
}

using Harding.Compsci.Graphics;

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Exception Handling of VB.NET & C#

Exception Handling

In vb.net & c# language Exception Handling are differ.Code Exception Handling of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Throw an exception
Dim ex As New Exception("Something is really wrong.")
Throw ex

' Catch an exception
Try
y = 0
x = 10 / y
Catch ex As Exception When y = 0 ' Argument and When is optional
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
Beep()
End Try

' Deprecated unstructured error handling
On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler
...
MyErrorHandler: Console.WriteLine(Err.Description)

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C#

// Throw an exception
Exception up = new Exception("Something is really wrong.");
throw up; // ha ha

// Catch an exception
try {
y = 0;
x = 10 / y;
}
catch (Exception ex) { // Argument is optional, no "When" keyword
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally {
// Requires reference to the Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll
// assembly (pre .NET Framework v2.0)
Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.Beep();
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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String of VB.NET & C# language

String

In vb.net & c# language String are differ.Code String of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Special character constants
vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine
vbNullString
vbTab
vbBack
vbFormFeed
vbVerticalTab
""

' String concatenation (use & or +)
Dim school As String = "Harding" & vbTab
school = school & "University" ' school is "Harding (tab) University"

' Chars
Dim letter As Char = school.Chars(0) ' letter is H
letter = Convert.ToChar(65) ' letter is A
letter = Chr(65) ' same thing
Dim word() As Char = school.ToCharArray() ' word holds Harding

' No string literal operator
Dim msg As String = "File is c:\temp\x.dat"

' String comparison
Dim mascot As String = "Bisons"
If (mascot = "Bisons") Then ' true
If (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) Then ' true
If (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS")) Then ' true
If (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") = 0) Then ' true

Console.WriteLine(mascot.Substring(2, 3)) ' Prints "son"

' String matching
If ("John 3:16" Like "Jo[Hh]? #:*") Then 'true

Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions ' More powerful than Like
Dim r As New Regex("Jo[hH]. \d:*")
If (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) Then 'true

' My birthday: Oct 12, 1973
Dim dt As New DateTime(1973, 10, 12)
Dim s As String = "My birthday: " & dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy")

' Mutable string
Dim buffer As New System.Text.StringBuilder("two ")
buffer.Append("three ")
buffer.Insert(0, "one ")
buffer.Replace("two", "TWO")
Console.WriteLine(buffer) ' Prints "one TWO three"

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C#

Escape sequences
\r // carriage-return
\n // line-feed
\t // tab
\\ // backslash
\" // quote

// String concatenation
string school = "Harding\t";
school = school + "University"; // school is "Harding (tab) University"

// Chars
char letter = school[0]; // letter is H
letter = Convert.ToChar(65); // letter is A
letter = (char)65; // same thing
char[] word = school.ToCharArray(); // word holds Harding

// String literal
string msg = @"File is c:\temp\x.dat";
// same as
string msg = "File is c:\\temp\\x.dat";

// String comparison
string mascot = "Bisons";
if (mascot == "Bisons") // true
if (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) // true
if (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS")) // true
if (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") == 0) // true

Console.WriteLine(mascot.Substring(2, 3)); // Prints "son"

// String matching
// No Like equivalent - use regular expressions

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
Regex r = new Regex(@"Jo[hH]. \d:*");
if (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) // true

// My birthday: Oct 12, 1973
DateTime dt = new DateTime(1973, 10, 12);
string s = "My birthday: " + dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy");

// Mutable string
System.Text.StringBuilder buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder("two ");
buffer.Append("three ");
buffer.Insert(0, "one ");
buffer.Replace("two", "TWO");
Console.WriteLine(buffer); // Prints "one TWO three"

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Functions of VB.NET & C# language

Functions

In vb.net & c# language Functions are differ.Code Functions of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out)
Sub TestFunc(ByVal x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer, ByRef z As Integer)
x += 1
y += 1
z = 5
End Sub

Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer ' c set to zero by default
TestFunc(a, b, c)
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c) ' 1 2 5

' Accept variable number of arguments
Function Sum(ByVal ParamArray nums As Integer()) As Integer
Sum = 0
For Each i As Integer In nums
Sum += i
Next
End Function ' Or use Return statement like C#

Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1) ' returns 10

' Optional parameters must be listed last and must have a default value
Sub SayHello(ByVal name As String, Optional ByVal prefix As String = "")
Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " & prefix & " " & name)
End Sub

SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr.")
SayHello("Madonna")

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C#

// Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out)
void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z) {
x++;
y++;
z = 5;
}

int a = 1, b = 1, c; // c doesn't need initializing
TestFunc(a, ref b, out c);
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c); // 1 2 5

// Accept variable number of arguments
int Sum(params int[] nums) {
int sum = 0;
foreach (int i in nums)
sum += i;
return sum;
}

int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1); // returns 10

/* C# doesn't support optional arguments/parameters. Just create two different versions of the same function. */
void SayHello(string name, string prefix) {
Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " + prefix + " " + name);
}

void SayHello(string name) {
SayHello(name, "");
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Arrays of VB.NET & C# Language

Arrays

In vb.net & c# language Arrays are differ.Code Arrays of vb.net & c# language.
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VB.NET

Dim nums() As Integer = {1, 2, 3}
For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length - 1
Console.WriteLine(nums(i))
Next

' 4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements
Dim names(4) As String
names(0) = "David"
names(5) = "Bobby" ' Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException

' Resize the array, keeping the existing values (Preserve is optional)
ReDim Preserve names(6)


Dim twoD(rows-1, cols-1) As Single
twoD(2, 0) = 4.5

Dim jagged()() As Integer = { _
New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {} }
jagged(0)(4) = 5
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C#

int[] nums = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine(nums[i]);


// 5 is the size of the array
string[] names = new string[5];
names[0] = "David";
names[5] = "Bobby"; // Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException


// C# can't dynamically resize an array. Just copy into new array.
string[] names2 = new string[7];
Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length); // or names.CopyTo(names2, 0);
float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols];
twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;
int[][] jagged = new int[3][] {
new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] };
jagged[0][4] = 5;

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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How to use loops statement in VB.NET & C# ?

Loops statement

In vb.net & c# language Loops statement are differ.Code Loops statement of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Pre-test Loops:
While c <>End While	Do Until c = 10 c += 1 Loop
Do While c <>Loop	For c = 2 To 10 Step 2 Console.WriteLine(c) Next
Post-test Loops:
Do c += 1 Loop While c <>	Do c += 1 Loop Until c = 10

' Array or collection looping
Dim names As String() = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}
For Each s As String In names
Console.WriteLine(s)
Next

' Breaking out of loops
Dim i As Integer = 0
While (True)
If (i = 5) Then Exit While
i += 1
End While

' Continue to next iteration
For i = 0 To 4
If i <>Continue For
Console.WriteLine(i) ' Only prints 4
Next

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C#

Pre-test Loops:

// no "until" keyword
while (c <>for (c = 2; c <= 10; c += 2) Console.WriteLine(c);

Post-test Loop:

do
c++;
while (c < class="comment">// Array or collection looping
string[] names = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"};
foreach (string s in names)
Console.WriteLine(s);

// Breaking out of loops
int i = 0;
while (true) {
if (i == 5)
break;
i++;
}

// Continue to next iteration
for (i = 0; i <>continue;
Console.WriteLine(i); // Only prints 4
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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How to use if statement in VB.Net & C# ?

if statement

In vb.net & c# language if statement are differ.Code if statement of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

greeting = IIf(age <>

' One line doesn't require "End If"
If age <>Then greeting = "What`s up?"
If age <>Then greeting = "What`s up?" Else greeting = "Hello"

' Use : to put two commands on same line
If x <> 100 And y <>Then x *= 5 : y *= 2

' Preferred
If x <> 100 And y <>Then
x *= 5
y *= 2
End If

' To break up any long single line use _
If whenYouHaveAReally <> Lines Then _
UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp)

'If x > 5 Then
x *= y
ElseIf x = 5 Then
x += y
ElseIf x <>Then
x -= y
Else
x /= y
End If

Select Case color ' Must be a primitive data type
Case "pink", "red"
r += 1
Case "blue"
b += 1
Case "green"
g += 1
Case Else
other += 1
End Select

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C#

greeting = age <>? "What's up?" : "Hello";

if (age < greeting = "What's up?">else
greeting = "Hello";

// Multiple statements must be enclosed in {}
if (x != 100 && y <>

No need for _ or : since ; is used to terminate each statement.

if (x > 5)
x *= y;
else if (x == 5)
x += y;
else if (x <>else
x /= y;

// Every case must end with break or goto case
switch (color) { // Must be integer or string
case "pink":
case "red": r++; break;
case "blue": b++; break;
case "green": g++; break;
default: other++; break; // break necessary on default
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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How to use Operators in VB.NET & C#?

Operators

In vb.net & c# language Operators are differ. Code of Operators of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Comparison
= < > <= >= <>

Arithmetic
+ - * /
Mod
\ (integer division)
^ (raise to a power)

Assignment
= += -= *= /= \= ^= <<= >>= &=

Bitwise
And Or Xor Not << >>

Logical
AndAlso OrElse And Or Xor Not

Note: AndAlso and OrElse perform short-circuit logical evaluations

String Concatenation
&

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C#

Comparison
== < > <= >= !=

Arithmetic
+ - * /
% (mod)
/ (integer division if both operands are ints)
Math.Pow(x, y)

Assignment
= += -= *= /= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= ++ --

Bitwise
& | ^ ~ << >>

Logical
&& || & | ^ !

Note: && and || perform short-circuit logical evaluations

String Concatenation
+

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Enumerations of VB.NET & C#

Enumerations

In vb.net & c# language Enumerations are differ. Code of Enumerations of vb.net & c# language.
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VB.NET

Enum Action
Start
[Stop] ' Stop is a reserved word
Rewind
Forward
End Enum

Enum Status
Flunk = 50
Pass = 70
Excel = 90
End Enum

Dim a As Action = Action.Stop
If a <> Action.Start Then _
Console.WriteLine(a.ToString & " is " & a) ' Prints "Stop is 1"

Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass) ' Prints 70
Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString()) ' Prints Pass

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C#

enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward};
enum Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90};

Action a = Action.Stop;
if (a != Action.Start)
Console.WriteLine(a + " is " + (int) a); // Prints "Stop is 1"

Console.WriteLine((int) Status.Pass); // Prints 70
Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass); // Prints Pass

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Comments of vb.net & c# language

Comments

In vb.net & c# language Comments are differ. Example of Comments of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

' Single line only
REM Single line only
'''

XML comments

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C#

// Single line
/* Multiple
line */
///

XML comments on single line

/*

XML comments on multiple lines

*/

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Data Types of vb.net & c# language

Data Types

In vb.net & c# language Data Types are differ.Data Types of vb.net & c# language.

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VB.NET

Value Types
Boolean
Byte, SByte
Char
Short, UShort, Integer, UInteger, Long, ULong
Single, Double
Decimal
Date

Reference Types
Object
String

Initializing
Dim correct As Boolean = True
Dim b As Byte = &H2A 'hex
Dim o As Byte = &O52 'octal
Dim person As Object = Nothing
Dim name As String = "Dwight"
Dim grade As Char = "B"c
Dim today As Date = #12/31/2007 12:15:00 PM#
Dim amount As Decimal = 35.99@
Dim gpa As Single = 2.9!
Dim pi As Double = 3.14159265
Dim lTotal As Long = 123456L
Dim sTotal As Short = 123S
Dim usTotal As UShort = 123US
Dim uiTotal As UInteger = 123UI
Dim ulTotal As ULong = 123UL

Type Information
Dim x As Integer
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType()) ' Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(GetType(Integer)) ' Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x)) ' Prints Integer

Type Conversion
Dim d As Single = 3.5
Dim i As Integer = CType(d, Integer) ' set to 4 (Banker's rounding)
i = CInt(d) ' same result as CType
i = Int(d) ' set to 3 (Int function truncates the decimal)

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C#

Value Types
bool
byte, sbyte
char
short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong
float, double
decimal
DateTime (not a built-in C# type)

Reference Types
object
string

Initializing
bool correct = true;
byte b = 0x2A; // hex

object person = null;
string name = "Dwight";
char grade = 'B';
DateTime today = DateTime.Parse("12/31/2007 12:15:00");
decimal amount = 35.99m;
float gpa = 2.9f;
double pi = 3.14159265;
long lTotal = 123456L;
short sTotal = 123;
ushort usTotal = 123;
uint uiTotal = 123;
ulong ulTotal = 123;

Type Information
int x;
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType()); // Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(typeof(int)); // Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType().Name); // prints Int32

Type Conversion
float d = 3.5f;
int i = (int)d; // set to 3 (truncates decimal)

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Program Structure in vb.net & c# language

Program Structure

In vb.net $ c# language program structure are differ. Example of program structure in vb.net $ c# language.

VB.NET

Imports System

Namespace Hello
Class HelloWorld
Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
Dim name As String = "VB.NET"

'See if an argument was passed from the command line
If args.Length = 1 Then name = args(0)

Console.WriteLine("Hello, " & name & "!")
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C#

using System;

namespace Hello {
public class HelloWorld {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
string name = "C#";

// See if an argument was passed from the command line
if (args.Length == 1)
name = args[0];

Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
}
}

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Note: This code applicable for both desktop and web application.

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Difference between vb.net and c#.net

Basic different between vb.net & c#

C# and VB differ by the fact that they are 2 different programming languages using the same .NET Framework.

There are so many differences between vb.net and c# which are given below-Here I mentioned the some important differences between vb.net and c#.

1. C# provides operator overloading and vb.net does not provide it.
2. C# supports unsigned integer and vb.net does not.
3. C# does not support optional argument and vb.net supports it.
4. C# runs slightly faster than vb.net.
5. C# enforces strict type casting and vb.net does not enforce it.
6. Event declaration is easier in vb.net than c#.
7. VB.NET is flexible of working with arrays which can be resized using redid statement and c# does not support redid statement.
8. VB.NET is not case sensitive and c# is case sensitive.

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Note: It will be clear some example.

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Introduction of .NET Framework

What is .NET ?


Since quite some time each person is talking about .NET, but what actually is .NET ? In this Article i will explain you the meaning and the advantages of .NET.

The .NET Framework introduces a completely new model for the programming and deployment of applications. .NET is Microsoft's vision of "software as a service", a development environment in which you can build, create, and deploy your applications and the next generation of components, the ability to use the Web rather than your own computer for various services.

Microsoft introduced great technologies like COM, DCOM, COM+ etc. to enable reuse of Software. Although these technologies are very powerful to reuse Software, they required a huge learning curve. According to this aspect, Microsoft realized that its time to come up with a new Technology, a better one, an easier one, a new Framework, within which each Programming Task is easy accomplished.


The .NET Framework was born:

Microsoft changed all complex tasks with the new .NET Framework. That was a huge advantage for all developers. Most of the Win32 API was now accessible through a very simple Object Model. Most of the features and functions of C++ were added to Visual Basic. A new Programming Language C# was introduced, which offered flexibility and productivity. ASP.NET also called ASP+ replaced ASP.

It provides the easiest and most scalable way to build, deploy and run web services. ASP.NET server controls enable an HTML-like style of declarative programming that let you build great pages with far less code than with classic ASP. VB, C++ and C# Code can be used in other languages f.e. code written in VB can be easily used in C# or in VC++. Also an another benefit is that the you can step between the languages in the debugger.

The .NET Compilation Stages:

The Code written in .NET isn't compiled directly to the executable, instead .NET uses two steps to compile the code. First, the code is compiled to an Intermediate Language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). Second, the compiled code will be recompiled with the Common Language Runtime ( CLR ), which converts the code to the machine code. The basic Idea of this two stages was to make the code language independence.

The major Components ( Layers ) of the .NET framework:

The top layer includes user and program interfaces. Windows Forms are a new way to create standard Win32 desktop applications, based on the Windows Foundation Classes (WFC) produced for J++.

Web Forms provide a powerful, forms-based UI for the web. Web Services, which are perhaps the most revolutionary, provide a mechanism for programs to communicate over the Internet using SOAP. Web Services provide an analog of COM and DCOM for object brokering and interfacing, but based on Internet technologies so that allowance is made for integration even with non-Microsoft platforms.

Web Forms and Web Services, comprise the Internet interface portion of .NET, and are implemented through a section of the .NET Framework referred to as ASP.NET. The middle layer includes the next generation of standard system services such as ADO.NET and XML. These services are brought under the control of the framework, making them universally available and standardizing their usage across languages.

The last layer includes system-level capability that a developer would need.